Place spring Perseids and orientation maps of the sky
During the night from Tuesday to Wednesday and Wednesday and Thursday we are expecting hundreds of "shooting star" in the night sky!
Vidulini
Perzedi belong to a group of meteor streams every year shows the performance when the splendor of celestial mechanics of shooting hundreds of stars visible to the naked eye at night refines the night sky to the delight of the observer. During the year, and other meteor streams or swarms know how to surprise with their numbers and splendor, but the Perseids are persistent and represent a safe visualtactile attraction at the starry sky.
In our area meteors are called "falling stars" or "celestial fireflies," and lately "Holy Tears. Lawrence, "Considering that the maximum of their activity coincides with a day of celebrating St. Lawrence.
Perseids can appear in midsummer, when the sky is mostly clear and the nights are cold. Most people are on vacation and students on summer holidays and can therefore take note and observe those who are not actively involved in astronomical events.
The oldest written record of the Perseids originate from the 36th The BC when the Chinese observers noted hundreds of meteors in just a few hours of observation. During the VIII, IX, X and XI century, there is clear written evidence of remarks Perseids from China, Japan and Korea.
Systematic observations of Perseids begin until the nineteenth century, observers recorded the time of their appearance, brightness of individual meteorites and calculated the number of meteors per hour (hourly frequency).
Video meteor activities month by Marcel astrokamerom rasonja - Month this year will be a hindrance meteors from midnight onwards (photo by Marcel Rasonja, prof.)
Sixties of the eighteenth century, the meteor trajectory starting in stellar maps drawn and redrawn in order to accurately determine radians (a place in heaven where all meteors apparently come from a stream or swarm).
Together with these and other data (color, trace, the time duration of the phenomenon ..) and with a lot of math in the end we get the results of the meteor stream orbit around the sun, or swarm, their physical characteristics, composition and density, all of which helps in understanding the problems of meteor.
William F. Denning is based on the 2409 Perseids trajectory plotted in the period from 1869th to 1898th first calculated ephemeris (astronomical data) and determined the daily movements of radians in the sky at 40 +1 ° right ascension and +0 ° 25 in declination, which is published 1,901th year.
Perseids their name dobilTijekom night from Tuesday to Wednesday and Wednesday and Thursday we are expecting hundreds of "shooting star" in the night sky!
and the constellation Perseus, where is their radians. In the same way as all other meteor streams and swarms named - according to the constellation in which they are located radians. This is the godfather famous Italian astronomer Giovanni Schiaparelli, his suggestion that the meteors get their name for the constellation in which they are located radians (from 1866). Which was ultimately adopted.
Of course, as always, here is an exception - no meteor stream Quadrantidi its constellation, it is in fact terminated at the time when astronomers finally agreed that in heaven there is a mapping division into 88 constellations.
PARENT COMET Perseids - Comet 109 P / Swift-Tuttle
Based on their calculations of orbits 109 Perseids and comet P / Swift-Tuttle in the period from 1864th to 1866th Schiaparelli found a clear link between these two celestial events. The calculations are in fact proved that the Perseids and the comet moving very similar orbits around the sun, and drawn the conclusion that the Perseids actually pieces of a comet nucleus, which rejects the approach to the Sun and the evaporation temperature increase due to the very core.
109 Comet P / Swift-Tuttle discovered the 1862nd American astronomers Lewis Swift and Horace Tuttle. These comets orbit around the sun once in more than 130 years and was last observed 1992nd Then she saw the first Japanese astronomer T. Kiuchi.
What's going on in the night sky
Perseids are active (visible) in a time of 23 July 22nd August, with peak activity 11th to 13th August. The exact time of the peak varies from year to year. Thus, for example, this year assumes a double maximum (which is in the last few years is detected by the observer around the world). However, the exact hour maximum is actually still a pretty thankless task to assume. This year it is recommended that both opažju night 11/12 and 12 / 13th In observations of meteors are no rules, except one - Patience.
Otherwise, the number and visibility of meteors gradually increases towards the date of maximum, and decreases slightly faster towards the end of the activity. On average, slightly brighter before and during the peak than after it!
In the moonless nights, and when he found the position of radians 30 degrees above the horizon in one hour we can see up to two hundred meteors. This year, nearly full moon pose a nuisance and reduce the visibility of meteors and their abundance, but is expected to be at least 60 or so meteors per hour during the highest activity.
In addition to the main radians, we noticed a few minor, some of the most famous are the alpha, beta, gamma, chi and eta Perseids, which is located near radians of the same name stars in the constellation Perseus
Month this year will be a hindrance meteors from midnight onwards (photo by Marcel Rasonja, prof.)
Perseids IN SHOCK!
Earth's atmosphere protects us from smaller fragments of a meteorite impact, but it has no moon and it is fully exposed to shocks. In recent years seen several meteor strikes the lunar surface, most notably the one from 2004.
Meteor struck the lunar surface are not uncommon, but so far none of the telescope in the world does not systematically studied this phenomenon.
Meteor strikes the moon are visible on the side of the Moon lightless as brief flashes that can be observed only with special equipment and the use of telescopes. This year during the peak activity, and also nearly full moon will be difficult to record such an event, but in the days before and after the full moon it is certainly possible.
How to observe the Perseids?
For the curious observer of the best time for observation of the Perseids 11./12. and 12th/13th. After 24:00 radians will already be high enough and the frequency of meteors be numerous enough to enjoy the charms of the stars.
Besides the Perseids at that time actively few meteor swarms (northern and southern Aquarida, Capricornidi ..) and they contribute to the spectacle in the sky.
The basic rule of astronomical observations, including observations of meteors, the - arm yourself with patience - very often happens that a few minutes of nothing and then in a few seconds appears a dozen bright meteors!
For the observation of meteors you do not need any optical aids - were just enough of your eyes!
For a start it is necessary to go beyond the areas that are contaminated with light pollution, or at least, outside the direct visibility of the lamp fittings and other public lighting.
The most favorable position for observation is lying.
It should be good to put on (and in summer the nights are cold!) Take a sleeping bag (or blanket) and below it put a plastic mat (such as those for the sea). Lay and cover how to avoid hypothermia organism.
One of the many historical drawings, which creates so-called. "Meteor shower", where thousands of falling stars springs into the atmosphere over a short period of time
Then turn off all lights (torches, mobile phones, etc.) and wait until ten-fifteen minutes in the dark to your eyes adjust to the darkness so we could see and the less bright meteors.
If you need light, use a red LED on the pendant or the classic battery svjetilju set up two or three coats of red plastic (for example, cut off from the old red folder or nylon) to cushion a white light.
When your eyes adjust to the dark anyway, you will need only a little light that you see around you. Unfortunately, the moon will come out around midnight and light up the landscape. Be sure to bring at least half a liter of water or a beverage.
Never, absolutely never, do not go alone into an unknown area. Security is still in the first place, ankle or leg even more difficult is not worth your viewing pleasure shooting star. For each case the parents or friends know where you are.
Tempirajte weather reports starting about 22 hours onwards. After fifteen minutes of the said accommodation of the eye (see the vice so that the moon is behind your head, that his light would not be (too) bothered by the observation of meteors) meteors will begin to buzz the sky in front of your eyes. Scenes to remember the loud "WOW" will surely elicit some of the brighter meteors. Some of them know how to reach full glow of the moon!
There is no need to look in a certain direction, it is best to look towards the zenith, because the meteors will already be everywhere in the sky.
It would be desirable to at least spend an hour or two watching, night and the maximum would be difficult anyway to go with the observations by the large number of meteors that will speed exceeding 70 km / s preljetati above your head at a height of 80 do120km.
For those who are near the "tasting" want to do the other part, to record data on meteors according to IMO standards (International Meteor Organization) recommend a visit www.imo.net where to find clear instructions on how their observations and data to make useful and important for science and problems of meteor.
Marino Tumpić
